SF 510 
.02 G7 
1898 
Copy 1 



S:i.» J:i^lli!lli!I!Sll!lli!lllllllllll!l!llClliailiIit!lllllll!l!III>i!l!IIIIIIllliiiII!I!lllll!lll!lllll!lllll!II£ 



^ he Culture 
of the Quail, 



M 



/ 



...OR... 



t£ 



How to Raise - - | 
Quails for Profit | 



ALMA POULTRY YARDS, 
ALMA, 

BOX 72. JLXiJSL^NSJ^S. 



*£ 



SECOND EDITION, 

a = 

iiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiititiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinir 



THE U*"ARV <> f 

CONCHtSS, 
Tvmo Cohm Rtctivet 

AUG. 24 1901 

Copyright en™* 

d 




.a 



INTRODUCTORY. 



In publishing this, the second edition of my little book, 
I hope that it may find the same favorable reception as the 
first one. Those parts of the first edition which were 
considered unimportant, and not particularly necessary for 
rearing the quail, were either entirely omitted or else abbre- 
viated. The history of-frhe introducer is shortened nearly 
one-half. It was* mainly my object to make the reader 
familiar with the essential side of the matter in as few words 
as possible, and those who will follow,, in some measure, the 
hints given will have no trouble to succeed without difficulty. 
The culture of the quail is a new business, and only few are 
engaged in it at present. But those who have once engaged 
in it will hardly ever desert it again, for there is scarcely 
another industry combining such an amount of pleasure 
with less disagreeableness. The quail is easily raised, costs 
very little to feed, hardly any if not penned in, is the hardiest 
and healthiest bird in the poultry yard, free from every 
contagious disease, very pretty and brings a better price 
than all other poultry — in fact an extraordinary price. Once 
started everybody can easily make a living at it. It is not a 
foolish fad, as it has been termed by some, but a decidedly 
profitable business having a good future before it. 

C. GROSS. 



HISTORY. 

The culture of the quail as a domestic bird is of recent 
date. Although all those who brought quails to market 
knew that they found a ready sale and commanded a price 
far ahead of anything else in the poultry line, yet the idea 
to tame wild quails, to raise them like other poultry and 
see what could be realized from an enterprise of that kind, 
was universally overlooked. Some eight years ago a 
young man, the son of a well-to-do Missouri farmer, more 
by mere chance than anything else, fell upon the notion of 
taming wild quails. Being of too frail a body to fit him for 
general farming work and having no ambition for any study 
whatever, his father bought him a ten acre small fruit farm, 
eleven miles from St. Louis. Here he lived all to himself, 
from a moderate income of the small fruit. Having no 
desire to accumulate riches, he was satisfied. Friends he 
had few, and those few did not deserve the name of devoted 
ones. It must, however, be mentioned that nature, negli- 
gent and ungrateful with him on the one hand, had 
bestowed him with a particular talent on the other hand. 
This talent was that of a bird charmer. With him it was a 
matter of comparative ease to change, within a short time, 
all kinds of wild birds from an utterly unruly state, to a 
state of gentleness and confiding habit. Among his comrades 
at school he was called not otherwise than "our bird charmer," 
or, sometimes, more vulgarly, " our bird bulldozer." 

His little farm was all encircled by an Osage orange 
hedge. The hedge had been cut down the previous year, 
laying the tops over to one side. This, together with the 
grapevines, gooseberry, blackberry and other bushes, 



4 
afforded an excellent abode for rabbits and all kinds of 
birds. Among the latter were some cardinal crossbeaks. 
These he intended to catch, if he could, and tame them. 
He accordingly put up some traps; it was a few weeks 
before Christmas; snow and sleet covered the ground. 
When he went to take a look at the traps, on the following 
day, he found to his surprise, instead of crossbeaks, a lot 
of quails in one of them. 

Amused at what he had caught he at first did not know 
what to do with them, but soon decided that he would 1. 
and tame them the same as though they had been cr< 
beaks. He accordingly turned a dry goods box into a 
temporary quail-coop and fed them wheat and water. The 
next days brought him a few more quails, but no cross- 
beaks. They seemed to be afraid of the traps. Well, he 
thought, if he couldn't catch any cross-beaks he would be 
satisfied with quails. Couldn't he make some money with 
quails, he reflected ? The quail was, although not of as 
bright a plumage as the cross-beak, yet of quite acceptable 
appearance. He meditated a good deal on quails, and the 
more he meditated the more interested he grew. Wouldn't 
people buy a pair of fine tame quails simply for the beauty 
of having them around ? Wasn't the quail a prettier bird 
than any of the pigeons? Wasn't the song " bob white," 
with its variations, about just as musical as the sonorous song 
of the canary? He ended his meditation with the firm con- 
clusion to give the quail business a trial, and if there should 
be any money to be made at it he would abandon the 
culture of the thorny gooseberry and blackberry, connected 
with tedious gathering, and raise quails in their stead. On 
Christmas day his father came on a visit. He showed 
him the quails he had caught, and at tin- .same time warmly 
expressed his belief in the profitableness of raising them 
domestically. His views had broadened on the subject. He 



5 
spoke to his father with zeal and ardor in a way he never 
spoke to him before, and finally requested him to put up 
traps on the farm, and catch him some more birds. The 
father listened patiently to his son's fad, for such he con- 
sidered it to be, but at the end burst out into a hearty 
laughter. Yet he agreed to trap him as many quails as he 
could, warning him, however, to be cautious about this 
untried undertaking, and not neglect or ruin a sure income 
for a doubtful enterprise. 

By the time snow and sleet were gone, in January, his 
flock numbered about fifty birds, most of them having been 
caught by his father. From these he selected fifteen pairs, 
and sold the rest, all males. Fifteen pairs he considered 
sufficient to start with, at least he intended to trouble no 
one for more. 

He next converted one side of his room, having a 
window in it, into a habitation for the quails, modeling it 
somewhat after a common hen-house. The feed also was 
chosen the same as for chickens. The corn being in most 
cases, too large for them to swallow, was boiled, and while 
soft, cut into suitable pieces. This they relished exceed- 
ingly. Each time he fed he went inside. The quails were 
very wild at first, and made an immediate rush for a hiding 
place which they found in the dry goods box which had 
served as a temporary coop and which had been left 
standing in one corner. He went to the box, took them 
out one by one, petted them a little and let them go again. 
This he kept up until their wild nature had so far abated 
that they didn't start any more for the box when he 
entered. On stormy days, or days when there was nothing 
of importance to do, he sometimes spent a long time 
playing with his quails and petting them. By and by they 
grew very tame, and he could put his hand on them when- 
ever he wished. 



When spring opened he built a large yard of wire netting, 
joining it to the quail house. At first he thought of building 
a new house altogether. Considering the matter, however, 
he again gave up this plan, for a change in their habitation 
might prove detrimental just at that time of the year when, 
as he believed, laying season was near at hand. So he went 
to fixing nests. But how ? That was the question. He had 
seen quails' nests, but had never paid any attention to 
their construction. The only thing he knew was that they 
w r ere completely roofed over. Taking this as a guide, he 
made a kind of long narrow box, and divided it into fifteen 
little divisions, each division to serve as a nest. Bottom and 
sides were lined with grass, the bottom especially well pre- 
pared with soft grass. This box he placed in the darkest 
part of the house with the opening towards the wall, and 
with a bundle of grass beside it in case this sort of a nest 
shouldn't suit the quail's fancy. He wondered how many 
eggs they would lay. and how he was going to treat and 
feed the young brood when they came out. He wished he 
was a little better posted. Couldn't he, perchance, obtain 
a book somewhere on quail culture to give him information ? 
He intended to inquire at a book store the next time he 
went to town. 

" A book about what ?" said the man behind the desk, 
coming nearer. 

" A book about quails," he repeated in a low voice and 
a rather uncertain and bashful look. 

" My dear sir," replied the bookseller, " I have no such 
book and don't believe there is Mich a book out. What 
do you want to know about quails ? " 

He told him what he was after. 

"Well, feed the young birds Hungarian seed." the 
bookseller said. " It's the best you can give a canary bird 
and it ought to be good for quails too. But wait," he 



7 
continued, "I have some books on poultry raising and 
maybe you can find what you .want in them." 

He went to the further end of the shelves and commenced 
hunting among a large pile of papers, books and pamphlets — 
evidently neglected -literature — for the object mentioned. 

"Here it is," he said, striking a rather insignificant 
looking pamphlet several times against the counter to free 
it from dust. ' ' Now let's see if it says anything about 
quails," he went on, running over the pages. "No, it 
doesn't seem to, but here is a heading "Feeding Young 
Ducks," which might be of interest to you. Better take 
the book along and read it; its only a quarter." He paid 
the quarter and went home. 

Somewhat discouraged, he sat down and took to the 
book. It was almost the first thing he read since quitting 
school. The more he read the more interested he grew, 
and by the time he had finished it he arrived at the 
conclusion of having gained some valuable knowledge. 
What was good for chickens, could not, very likley, be 
unwholesome for quails. He had fed too much corn, he 
was sure, he must feed more green stuff, more meat, some 
crushed bone; provide for gravel, a little charcoal, a dust- 
bath, look out for lice, etc. , a whole lot of things he had 
never thought of before. His first step was to get a supply 
of fresh meat. He took his gun and went to the hedge for 
a rabbit. Within five minutes he had what he wanted. 
The rabbit was cooked, and a portion of it —as much as 
they would eat— fed to the quails. It proved to be a 
delicacy for them. Eagerly they jumped and flew at his 
outstretched hand to snatch the rare article. With utmost 
delight he looked on. He compared the wild unruly stock 
of a few month ago with the birds now before him, with 
their gentle demeanor, their gay habit. He reflected what 
a sight it would be, when, instead of thirty, his flock 



should number by the hundred. This, of course, was 
anticipation, counting chickens before they were hatched. 
But let us wait. 

Since studying his book he had a guide, and was gov- 
erned by it. If it was not exactly the right way to treat 
quails, it was certainly the best mode he could adopt for the 
present, until experience and observation should teach him 
different. 

One day, early in the morning, the quails were unusually 
noisy. Leaving his work and stepping up lightly to the 
quail-house he peeped in. There was a big stir, and every 
appearance of something important going on. While some 
of the quails were sitting on poles, others were rushing in 
and out of the small divisions in the long narrow box he 
had made for nests; others again were busy at the little 
grass stack in the corner. There remained no doubt they 
intended to build nests, arid evidently had a conversation 
on this subject. He made up his mind not to disturb them 
at present, and it was not until several days afterwards that 
he attempted to discover what they had been doing. Five 
of the little divisions in the box were completely shut up, 
save a very small opening in the centre, scarcely large 
enough, in his opinion, to admit of a quail passing through. 
Carefully pushing the grass a trifle apart he looked in. Lo! 
three eggs in the first nest. He examined all the nests. 
Four had eggs, one was empty. The next week more 
nests were finished, and the week following every one of tin- 
little divisions was shut up, a sign that all the quails were 
laying. The next thing now to look for was the young 
brood. How many would there be? With some disquietude 
he awaited the day of their arrival. But they came, and in 
the same order the quails had commenced laying. Cute, 
lively little birds, they were needing no lesson to pick uj> 
their feed after leaving the nest. From fifteen eggs on an 



9 
average in a nest, fourteen on an average were hatched, 
about two hundred and ten in all. To prevent quarreling, 
he put each pair with the young brood into a separate pen, 
made of wire netting, with a small coop in each pen. This 
worked admirably. He fed according to his book, and four 
times a day. The young quails grew finely, and he became 
more fond of them every day. Each day he took them out of 
the pen, petted them for a while, and put them back again. 
This he did to rid them of any trace of wild nature which 
might still exist. What seemed tedious work to others was 
simply play for him. 

Having been told that quails had two broods a year, he 
separated old and young quails as soon as the young had 
attained a fair size. 

The second brood was almost analogous with the first 
one, with the exception that two quail hens did not lay. 
This figured some, of course, but everything else being all 
right, it was nothing to be worried over. His flock now 
numbered nearly four hundred birds. Of the first brood 
some were lost, but not many. Disease of no kind was 
amongst them. The pet cat was the enemy perpetrating all 
the mischief. Although vigilantly watched, it was con- 
stantly preying upon them, and had to be banished from 
the place. 

Four hundred birds! What was he going to do with 
them ? Would it be better to keep them all and raise a 
large flock a year hence, or would it be better to sell a 
portion, and see what the new enterprise he had embarked 
in, really amounted to financially? After deliberate con- 
sideration he decided for the latter. But how was he going 
to sell them? As common poultry for the market? Some, 
yes, but not all. Those fine, gentle birds that he could 
trust to run about at their own free will without needing to 
have any fear of their escaping, that would fly upon his 



shoulders and take their grub from out of his hand; these 
were, indeed, too good for that purpose, they should sell by 
the pair if they could be disposed of in that way. Of the 
first brood he had three dozen male birds left after mating 
eighty -one pairs. These three dozen he brought to town, 
early in November, receiving four dollars a dozen for them, 
there being no quails in the market at that time. Quails, 
domesticated, sold alive in boxes, the same as chickens, 
was something new, causing quite a sensation. He could 
have sold many more dozen at this price, had he wanted, 
but he preferred to wait and see how they would go by the 
pair. Four dollars was certainly fair money, yet he 
thought, even at half this, it would pay much better to 
raise quails than small fruit, not to consider the greater ease 
and the pleasure. 

Several days afterwards he again started for town, taking 
with him three of the choicest pairs. What success he 
would have was yet an unsolved problem to him. He was 
a poor talker, he knew, with manners more awkward than 
comely and unless the article he handled should be taking 
and saleable in itself, he would be in a rather bad hx. 

He had scarcely drove out of the gate when he heard his 
name called. Looking around, he observed his father coining 
up the road in a buggy with another man sitting beside him. 
It was a man from Oregon, an intimate friend of his father, 
who had formerly been a neighbor, but was now engaged 
in mercantile business at Portland. Both were agreeably 
amused when they saw the quails in the cage, and learned 
that he intended to sell them by the pair. But they were 
surprised when upon entering the yard they beheld the 
large flock of quails he had raised, and noticed the many 
arrangements he had provided for them, comfortable, useful 
and convenient. (His father had not seen him since his 
visit on Christmas). Intending to also show them the gen- 



tleness and docility of the birds, he went and got some feed, 
opened a pen containing one dozen choice pairs, then sat 
down on a box standing close by, and called them. There 
was an immediate stir in the pen. Half running, half flying, 
they rushed out to his side. After they had picked up all 
the grain they took a recess in part on his lap, part on his 
shoulders, and some flew on his hat, until he was almost 
completely covered with birds. 

"Well, I declare," said the gentleman from Oregon, 
looking on with admiration, " if that doesn't beat all I ever 
dreamed could be done with quails. When I was a boy 
I considered the quail to be the most noble bird under the 
sun, but that it could be brought to a docility like this went 
beyond my imagination. How long have you been training 
these birds?" He told him that it was less than a year, 
and how he had proceeded, but that there was nothing 
extraordinary about it. "All this accomplished in less 
than a year, and from wild stock," he exclaimed with aston- 
ishment, " my boy, you are a bird charmer indeed. When 
I left here, twelve years ago, I believed you would never be 
fit for anything, but I see I was mistaken, and I am glad of 
it; but have you fixed upon a price?" He told him that 
he had not. ' ' Well, charge ten dollars a pair. These fine 
tame birds, good either for breeding or for pleasure, are 
worth it, and you will get it too." His father shook his 
head at this, with a doubtful smile upon his face. "Yes, 
you will get it," continued the Oregon friend, " these gentle 
quails will delight almost everybody. But as we have kept 
you from selling birds to-day, supposing we both try the 
business to-morrow? " 

W T ith gratitude and joy he accepted this offer, for now 
he saw the obstacle removed that but a short while ago was 
burdensome to him. Forty pairs he could spare, and ten 
dollars a pair, what an amount of money it would be ! 



Gently he removed the quails from his lap, shoulders 
and hat, where they had remained during the conversation, 
bringing them back to their pen, the gentleman from 
Oregon watching him with an expression of surprise on his 
face. 

With his father still doubting the success, both started 
for town the following morning, taking with them forty 
pairs, divided into two suitable wire cages, and put up at a 
stand in Union Market. The day previous the friend from 
Oregon, who was not only a generous and upright person, 
but an able business man as well, had rented this stand and 
also made arrangements for an advertisement to appear in 
several of the morning papers, running thus: 

PERSONAL. 

In passing through Union Market, don't forget to take a 
look at the flock of tame quails in the stand near the 
Southeast corner. 

A large pasteboard sign "TAME QUAILS," was also 
put up. From morn till night the stand was crowded with 
people, not all buyers, of course, but people who wanted 
to satisfy their curiosity, who wanted to take a look at 
what they had never seen before — a tame quail. 

In two days the forty pairs were sold, realizing four 
hundred dollars. The buyers belonged to no particular 
class, but were men and women occupying different stations 
in life and following different callings; old and young 
alike. This seems sufficient evidence that the culture 
of the quail could be pronounced a prosperous biiMne>>, 
and was no longer a doubtful enterprise. Believing it 
to be such, he discontinued the cultivation of small fruit 
and followed quail raising exclusively, devoting all his 
time and attention to it. He introduced birds from 



different states and bred them with his other stock, after 
they had been thoroughly tamed. He now has a magnifi- 
cent flock of domestic quails with a yearly income of 
upwards of four thousand dollars. Although he could 
easily double this amount by increasing the number of 
birds, yet he does not do it. More birds would mean 
more work, more work would require more help, and this 
is what he dislikes. He prefers and loves a life of solitude. 
"The way I am conducting my business now," he says, 
" is a pleasure for me, if I have to engage people to help 
me, it will rob me of all enjoyment." The only aid he has 
is an aged gentleman, whom he has known since early 
boyhood, who attends to the quails during his absence. 

TAMING WILD QUAILS. 

There are people with whom it is a task attended with 
comparatively but little difficulty of taming all kinds of wild 
birds and animals. They have a certain way, a talent of 
quieting the shy and averse nature towards man, character- 
istic of all wild stock, and bring about a gentler inclination. 
a state of toleration at first, and finally one of attachment. 
Although this way, this talent, may consist and certainly 
does consist, in the most part, in trifles only, yet it is an 
attribute not so readily acquired by a person not the pos- 
sessor of such a talent. The introducer of quail culture, Mr. 
John Ordorf, is naturally gifted with this talent, and for him 
the taming of wild birds is simply pleasure, accomplished 
within a very short time. (He has been taming a number 
of wild quails from Oregon last winter). 

The first step to be taken in taming a wild bird is to 
convince it that you are not going to do it any harm, 
Handle it as gently as possible, stroking it lightly over its 
head and back. (Mr. Ordorf is talking in a half aloud, half 



*4 

whispering tone to the bird all the while he holds it in his 
hand, stroking it at the same time. He can also imitate to 
perfection the quails calling each other with all the different 
changes). 

The best way is to have two boxes of a size only moder- 
ately larger than the number of quails they are to contain. 
Lathe the boxes in front, and in case of hot weather the rear 
also, lest the quails might suffocate. Place them where you 
are more or less around, and transfer the quails at least once 
every day — oftener if time permits — from one box to the 
other, stroking them gently on head and back. Feed wheat 
and water. Wild quails will eat or drink very little, if any, 
the first days of captivity. If after two weeks of close cap- 
tivity their wildest nature has somewhat abated, and they 
can be removed from one box to the other without much 
resistance and flutter, then put them into a larger box, lath- 
ing it as described. It is always better, however, to keep it 
up and take them into your hands at least once or twice a 
week, and pet them a little. When feeding call them, lis- 
some kind of a name, or word, no matter what it is, if it be 
only " come ! come ! ! " They will soon remember it. It 
is also advisable to occasionally skip one or two meals, and 
let them hunger a little. This will teach them that they art- 
dependent on you for their sustenance, and will greatly aid 
in bringing about a gentler disposition. Dependence ! It 
is the same thing with man too: 

Whose bread I eat, 

His song I sing. 
After they have been in this second box lor a month or 
two, according to behavior, they may then be moved to 
spacious and permanent quarters, consisting of a yard, 
made of wire netting, with a coop attached. This continual 
changing from one place to another, may appear to some 
as being altogether unnecessary. If the quails were not 



intended to remain in the first box, why not bring them at 
once to a place where they could remain? To what end 
all this extra trouble? We must consider that we are 
dealing with wild nature and that we are trying to get this 
Avild nature accustomed to something it never was accus- 
tomed to. This wild bird we are taming, that is, forcing a 
life upon it to which it was never used, knew nothing of 
boxes and wire roofs before it was caught. It had the 
fields, the woods, the sky, for its abode. If we would 
commence to assign it to a roomy space it would feel as 
sad as in the closest imprisonment. If, however, on the 
contrary, we begin with close imprisonment, let it taste the 
worst of the bitter cup right from the start, and then 
gradually widen its habitation, and finally bring it to a 
spacious yard; it will keenly feel and appreciate the change 
and experience a sense of liberation as though it was again 
in its native abode. 

The size of the yard must be made in comparison with 
the number of birds that are intended to occupy it. Six by 
six feet and two or three feet high, is about the right size for 
one half dozen birds. A few horizontal poles should not 
be missing, for the quails greatly enjoy to occasionally sit 
on them. One foot high, one wide, and about one and a 
half or two feet long, will make a coop of ample size which 
should be firmly fastened to the yard to admit of yard and 
coop being moved together whenever this may seem desir- 
able. Everything should be done to make the quails feel 
perfectly comfortable and contented, for unless they are 
they will not lay. When they will lay depends much 
on the time when they were caught. If they have been caught 
in November or December, they will very likely lay in May 
or June, and again in August or September; but if caught in 
February or March, they will not lay before August or Sep- 
tember and only once. (How to feed, look under Feeding). 



QUAILS AS PETS. 

By this term is meant the highest degree of tarn en ess; 
birds that come upon your call, that can be handled like 
young kittens, companions in house and yard. To get them 
this way it is necessary to have them around you as soon 
after they are hatched as possible. Construct a box about 
one foot wide, one foot high, and about one and a half feet 
long. Finish the front with number ten wire staves, leaving 
them far enough apart that the young quails can easily pass 
through to run in and out at pleasure. Let the box have a 
bottom which can easily be removed to facilitate cleaning. 
In case of hot weather, provide the rear with wire st.r 
also, that there be plenty of ventilation. Attach a board 
about six inches wide and the whole length of the box to the 
front to serve as a porch. 

A box of this size will accommodate one pair of quails 
with fifteen or sixteen young ones for the first five or six 
weeks. As soon as the young brood has made its appear- 
ance, put the nest together with the old pair into the box, 
and place the box in your kitchen, workshop, sitting room, 
office, or any place where you will be more or less around. 
As long as the young brood remains in the nest let the old 
pair attend to their wants, but as soon as they leave it com- 
mence and scatter feed. Throw the feed into the box at 
first that old and young may eat together, but after one or 
two days feed on the little porch and have the young come 
out for it. (What to feed, look under Feeding). Feed often, 
every two or three hours, but never overfeed. Rather let 
them go with some appetite left than glut them. See that 
the drinking water be clean and fresh, never otherwise. 
Adopt some kind of a name to call them when you feed* 
they will remember it as they -m\v older. Each day take 
them in your hands for a few moments, one after the other. 



i7 
They will at first greatly object to tHis handling, and will 
make every possible exertion to get away. Keep it up, 
however, it is the quickest way to bring about a gentle dis- 
position, and to rid them of every existing trace of shyness. 
Soon they will get used to it and show no further aversion 
to it. In fact, once accustomed to it, the quail is fond of 
being petted. 

The second week look for exercise for the young. 
Although the old pair will stand close captivity well, it is 
necessary for the young to have exercise. Place the box 
on the floor and let them have a run over the room at their 
heart's content. Do this every day. 

After six weeks, separate old and young quails, but do 
not allow the old to run together with the young for they 
may spoil them, unless they are pets themselves. If, for 
six weeks the above rules have been observed, you will 
not only have healthy birds, but at the end of this time, 
have pets, tame quails that will, when they get older, sing 
their merry " Bob White," either in the open window, on 
a chair, on your writing desk, and, perchance, sometimes 
on the breakfast table. They are strongly attached to the 
mode of living they have been brought up in, and have no 
inclination to depart from it, be their wings ever so limber. 
Where there is a yard this is of advantage. The quail 
loves to be out in the open air, to bask in the sunshine, 
and enjoys with utmost delight a soft gentle shower. 

The raising of quails as pets, although attended with 
more trouble, is by far more profitable than to raise them 
as common poultry for market purpose only. There is 
always a demand for good pets. The pretty quail with its 
proud carriage, its gay demeanor, as a tame bird, has, as it 
seems, a charm for all classes of people. All are admirers, 
and a great many are buyers. Sometimes fancy prices are 
obtainable. Last winter, a gentleman living at St. Louis, 



who had seen some of our pet quails at a friend's house, 
wrote us that if we would select three of the choicest pairs 
from among our flock and deliver them at his house in 
sound condition, he would pay us twenty-five dollars a pair 
for them. We filled the order and received what he had 
promised. These are exceptions, of course, prices that not 
everybody can or will pay. This gentleman was wealthy, 
and he wanted the birds for the enjoyment of his daughter, 
who was a consumptive invalid. From five to ten dollars 
a pair, according to beauty and docility, is a fair average 
price for pets, and there is splendid money to be made at 
these figures. 

It may yet be mentioned that with too much petting and 
caressing, especially in the hands of children, connected 
with irregular feeding, at times too scanty, and at other 
times in excess, the quail ceases to be prolific. 

EGGS AND HATCHING. 

The domestic quail will lay from fifty to sixty eggs in a 
season, according to treatment, and has two broods a year. 
Some quail hens will lay sixteen eggs, then stop and sit ; 
while others will lay as many as twenty-five eggs, and then 
sit. This remarkable difference led to an investigation, and 
it was found that not mistakes in feeding, which was first 
thought to be the trouble, was the cause, but, probably, t<><> 
early sitting. Believing this to be the case, an early sitter 
was killed and dissected, whereby a number of larger and 
smaller eggs, apparently normal, were found. 

The conjecture now was this: Would not these eggs have 
fully developed had further development not been checked 
by too early sitting? It is a well known fact that hens 
repeatedly frightened will produce less eggs, and if moved 
to a strange place generally quit laying altogether. A slight 



J 9 
cause can evidently produce a great effect in this respect. 
Could not therefore too early sitting change an otherwise 
normal egg, not yet fully developed, to an abnormal condi- 
tion which prevented further development ? If this be true, 
what then caused the bird to sit in advance of her proper 
time ? Was it the inconvenience of too many eggs, she 
feared, or did the instinct of the bird teach her that it was 
useless to lay any more eggs than she could successfully 
hatch ? (Considering the size of the quail fifteen or seven- 
teen eggs is all she can manage). May this be, as it will, 
an experiment was tried as follows: 

After eight eggs were laid the ninth was removed, the 
tenth left in, and the eleventh again removed. In this way 
often eight, ten or even more eggs were gained. Some will 
laugh at this, without doubt, and call it ridiculous, incredi- 
ble and exaggerated; but it is nevertheless true, even if the 
principle on which it is based should prove incorrect. Allow 
the quail her own will to sit, whenever she pleases, and you 
will have less eggs; cheat her, and you will have more. Try 
the experiment and see whether it is a delusion. 

As above stated, fifteen to seventeen eggs constitute a 
full quail's setting. If, however, desired, or this from various 
reasons becomes necessary, the eggs can be successfully 
hatched with a hen, care being taken to select one with a 
quiet and gentle disposition, and light weighted, not too 
heavy. Nothing is better adapted for this purpose than the 
bantam, although other light weighted hens will answer also. 
How many eggs can be placed under a hen must be deter- 
mined by the size of the hen. Should any eggs get broken 
in the nest, carefully remove all the shells and wash all the 
sound eggs that have got soiled, in warm water, care being 
taken not to get the eggs chilled. Also remove everything 
from the nest which is unclean, and replace it with new 
stuff. After all this is prepared, immediately replace the 



hen. Observe cleanliness, and especially guard against 
lice. They are as detrimental to young quails as they are 
to young chicks. Dust the hen once a week with Persian 
Insect Powder, or use Lambert's Death to Lice to keep 
them away. Eggs will hatch in twenty-one days. 

HOUSES AND PENS. 

Quails roost on the ground, never on perches. They sit 
close together in bunches, forming a circle, the heads 
turned outward. A quail house need therefore not be 
high, or it may be provided with shelves, one above the 
other, the quails being easily trained to occupy these 
shelves. The latter plan is especially adapted where large 
flocks are kept that roam about. Another plan is to 
enclose the quails in movable pens or yards with a small 
house attached, one — two — three or four dozen quails 
enclosed in a pen. Six by six feet and two or three feet 
high is about the right proportion for one dozen domestic 
birds. Arrange a few horizontal poles inside the pen for 
the quails to sit on. They greatly enjoy this; it seems to 
be a recreation for them. Two by three feet and one foot 
high, is large enough for a house. It should be built of 
light material, be provided with nests and have a loose 
board or door in the rear to conveniently get to the n< 
for the removal of eggs. (See Eggs and Hatching.) It 
also should contain a small compartment for grit or gravel, 
and one for charcoal, and be provided with a dust box. 
This latter is about equally as important for quails as it is 
for chickens. A pen of this kind has the advantage over a 
stationary one, that it can be easily moved on a fresh spot 
of grass every day, and on this account is especially 
valuable in Spring, Summer and Fall. If the place where 
the pens are kept, is not shaded by trees, the top of 



each pen, or a portion of it, should be covered with 
Neponset Roofing Fabric to protect the birds from the sun 
during the hot summer months. Double the number of 
young quails can be enclosed in a pen of this size with 
impunity. The houses should be whitewashed, inside and 
outside, shelves and all, once or twice every year, to guard 
against lice; or, what is far better, painted with Carbolineum 
Avenarius. This is a cheap nut brown paint, manufactured 
by The Carbolineum Wood Preserving Co., Milwaukee, 
Wis. Quail and chicken houses, painted once a year, in 
and outside, shelves, perches and all, with this composition, 
rubbing it well into the cracks, will be free from lice and 
vermin of every description. Another good thing to guard 
against lice is to have the bottom of the quail house and 
the shelves covered with a layer of road dust. Lice cannot 
thrive where there is dust. Should all of these precautions 
have been neglected and the quails have become lousy, 
dust them with Lambert's Death to Lice. 

There are other plans for building habitations for the 
quail, but as everybody is very likely going to construct 
something after his or her own fashion we think these 
instructions are sufficient. 

Whatever the plan be, however, see that there be plenty 
of shade and ventilation in summer, and plenty of protec- 
tion from the blasts of winter. Although the quail is of iron 
clad hardness, and can stand more hardships and neglect 
than any other bird in the poultry yard, yet his abode 
should be made as comfortable as possible to obtain the 
best results. 

FEEDING. 

Quails can be fed precisely like chickens, the rules w r hich 
apply to the one are also applicable to the other. There is 
difference only in quantity and size. The chicken requires 



about seven or eight times more food than the quail, and 
can swallow a whole grain of corn which the quail cannot. 
If the quail is not penned in it needs very little attention. 
There is no more industrious bird than the quail. From 
morn to night it is always busy looking for its own support, 
catching bugs, insects, worms, chasing grasshoppers, picking 
something here, something there, so that when evening 
approaches its wants are about all satisfied. In summer, 
feed them a little grain of some kind in the evening, this is 
all that is required, and even this shall serve more to give 
them a welcome reception at the close of each day, than for 
necessity of giving them food. Accustomed, however, to 
being fed in the evening, see how quickly they will come 
from near and far when they are called. After they have 
finished their grain they will fly or jump on boxes, barrels, 
the fence, or any elevated place they can find, and com- 
mence picking their wings, shaking their bodies, singing 
" Bob White," and, in fact, show every sign of being per- 
fectly happy and contented. One will forget business and 
get rid of the blues with a gay flock of quails around him. 

In Winter, especially if the weather is severe, feed 
mornings and evenings. Some kind of a soft, warm feed 
in the morning and grain in the evening. See that there 
be plenty of fresh water standing around in clean vessels. 

If the quails are penned in, a variety of feed becomes 
necessary. As they can not catch any bugs or worms, 
fresh lean meat, cooked and cut into suitable pic 
should be substituted, and given in moderate quantity. In 
the morning prepare a soft feed of middlings and bran, to 
which an even portion of Pioneer Clover Meal is added. 
For an all day feed, use millet, or the H-O Co's. Scratching 
Feed. This latter deserves high praise. It is a practical 
food containing a large variety of grains and is excellent 
for feeding the quail. If the pen be movable and you have 
L.ofC. 



23 

a yard with bluegrass or clover, move the pen a little 
further each day or every other day. In this way they will 
help themselves to whatever they want. Should the place 
where the quails are kept be a fixed one, however, procure 
some green stuff of whatever kind obtainable, bluegrass, 
clover, oats, rye, timothy, etc., and cut it into suitable 
lengths for the quails to swallow, (half inch lengths is about 
right.) The Pioneer Clover meal being clover hay, ground 
fine, may be classed as green food, and in this respect will 
make a very good substitute where and when green food is 
scarce. 

In the evening feed cracked corn or wheat; the seed of 
the sunflower also is very wholesome. Or use a soft feed 
made of corn meal to which a little clover meal is added. 
In addition to their regular meals, feed green cut, crushed 
or granulated bone twice a week, and see that there be a 
supply of coarse river sand, fine gravel, or manufactured 
grit always before them. A little charcoal should also be 
provided, and plenty of clean, fresh water. 

If this system of feeding, or something similar, which 
anybody observing the wants of the birds can designate 
without difficulty, be followed, and their general welfare 
otherwise not counteracted, the quails will be healthy, vig- 
orous, full of life and very prolific. Care should be taken 
not to over feed. Anybody used to feeding chickens only 
is liable to do this. Always remember that about eight 
grown quails can be fed in place of one Plymouth Rock. 
The criterion is, if anything should be left over from one 
meal give less the next time. 

FEEDING YOUNG QUAILS. 

To prevent quarreling, and to better care for them, the 
old pair together with the young brood should be isolated 



2 4 
from the rest, soon after the brood is out, by bringing them 
into a movable pen, with house attached, as indicated under 
"Houses and Pens," only that it can be much smaller. 
Place the nest with the young brood in one corner of the 
house, and as long as they remain in the nest let the old 
pair attend to their wants. As soon as they leave the nest 
they will look out for themselves. They are a good deal 
more active and vigorous than young chicks, and their 
growth is far more rapid. 

The first feed for the young should consist of a mash 
made of even portions of corn meal and middlings, to which 
the raw yolk of one or two eggs is added. Throw a handful 
of this mixture from the rear of the house through the 
loose board or door, as the case may be, in front of the 
nest. The old pair will attend to its distribution. Feed 
every three or four hours if possible. This mash can be fed 
all the while the young remain in the nest, and for a long 
time thereafter, by adding an even portion of Pioneer Clover 
Meal to it. Care must be taken, however, that the mash 
be always fresh and sweet; sour food of whatever kind is 
unwholesome for young quails. In addition to this mixture, 
throw a few handsful of millet seed, or the H-O Co.'s 
Scratching Feed, each day into the pen, after the young 
have abandoned the nest. The second week give small 
quantities of fresh lean meat, and twice a week feed some 
green and bone. Also look for green food, and see that 
there be always fresh water in clean vessels within easy 
reach of the young birds. Use coarse sand or fine gravel 
for grit. Do not forget the grit, it is a necessity. The 
chick needs it, and the young quail can not get along 
without it. 



25 

EGGS HATCHED WITH A HEN. 

If the eggs are hatched with a hen, the same course of 
feeding should be pursued with the exception only, that 
the young brood, from lack of instinct of the hen, must be 
attended to by yourself while they stay in the nest. Do 
not disturb the young brood for thirty hours or longer, 
after they are hatched. Then gently remove the hen and 
proceed as follows: Take a small stick, or, what is better, 
make a wooden spatula, the size of a lead pencil, only flat, 
and with this put a small portion of the feed, which should 
be mixed rather thin, but not too thin, down every little 
fellow's throat. This is easily done, for as soon as you 
approach with the spatula, they will throw their mouths 
wide open. Always use the spatula for feeding, never the 
fingers. After all are fed and the hen has received some 
food also, replace her, for the little fellows, with their 
somewhat unnatural mother, must be kept warm for the 
first days of their life. Should the weather, however, be 
very hot, and there be danger of them suffocating, leave 
the hen off the nest during the hottest hours of the day. 
Feed three or four times a day. Water they need none, 
for there is plenty of moisture in the food for their 
sustenance. As soon as they abandon the nest all danger is 
over. They may then be allowed to run around with 
the hen, or, which is far preferable, be enclosed in a pen, 
where they are safe from all kind of marauders, as rats, cats, 
skunks, chicken hawks, etc. 

We omit to mention anything about eggs hatched in the 
incubator, as our experience is too limited in this direction. 

NESTS. 

Quails build their nests either in high grass, wheat fields, 
or among hedges and bushes where there is an undergrowth 



26 

of grass. The nest is so completely hidden that unless one 
comes very near, almost stepping on it, and the quail rushes 
out. it is passed by without being discovered. A quail's 
nest is easily made. Construct a box four inches high, 
four inches wide, and live inches long, leaving it open 
at one of the long ends. Then take a handful of grass, and 
divide it well all around, bottom, sides and top, pressing it 
tight. After this, line the bottom with soft grass, and your 
nest is ready. Place it in the quail house with the opening 
toward the rear, a few inches away from the wall. Have ;i 
door or loose board in the rear to conveniently get to tin- 
nest. 

MATING. 

Among a flock of quails (we mean those raised from a 
setting, fifteen or sixteen in number), there are always some 
which are larger and handsomer than others, and some 
which are more prolific layers than others. These should 
be particularly selected for breeding, and the birds of one 
flock mated with the birds of another flock not akin. Fol- 
lowing these simple rules the quail has been much improved 
since the introduction of quail culture eight years ago. The 
domestic quail is larger, of more uniform size than the wild 
one, and a much better layer. 

If, however, anybody intended to raise the quail on a 
very large scale, and in the most part as common poultry 
only, this careful mating is not as essential. Inbreeding may 
be carried on successfully for several years, especially if tin- 
start was begun with well mated stock. Starting with wild 
stock it is advisable to procure quails from different gangs, 
and afterwards mate the young birds of the one with those 
of the other. 



27 

FERTILITY OF EGGS. 

The fertility of quails' eggs is about one hundred per 
cent. With the exception of the first egg laid, which is 
generally infertile, there is scarcely an egg that does not 
hatch. This is when the quail mates in pairs, which is the 
nature of the bird. We have been repeatedly asked, can 
you send us a trio? How many females can we keep 
with one male bird? We must say that we do not know; 
it has not been tried. We are making some experiments, 
however, in this direction this summer. 

ENEMIES. 

Among these may be enumerated: The chicken hawk, 
rats, cats, skunks, possums and minks. The worst enemy 
of them all is the pet cat. It is the pest of all pests, the 
sneaking rascal ever lurking for its prey. The sooner she 
receives her dismissal the better — the next pond, or some 
similar place. You cannot raise cats and quails at the 
same time, you must abandon one of the two. The cat is 
bad on chicks, but it is much worse on quails. We often 
receive letters about thus: 

' ' Can we not get another pair of tame quails ? Last 
Sunday we all went to church, but forgot to look after the 
cat before we left the house, and when we came back, etc." 

DISEASES. 

No contagious diseases have so far made their appear- 
ance. Occasionally a quail dies, but it is not often. It is 
sick for about a day and then is dead. Owing to the rare 
occurrence of the malady, however, it has not been further 
investigated. The best safeguards against disease are fresh 
air, cleanliness, wholesome food in suitable variety, pure 



fresh water in clean vessels, combined with comfortable 
quarters. Where these conditions prevail, sickness is not 
very liable to enter. Vermin, lice in particular, should be 
looked out for. Paint the houses inside and outside 
indicated under Houses and Pens, and cover the bottoms of 
the houses, and when the quails roost on shelves, these also 
with a thick layer of road dust. 

PEOPLE WHO WANT TO KNOW WHETHER IT IS TROUBLE. 

We are often asked is it much trouble to raise quails? 
Can quails be raised as easy as chickens ? We must answer 
that we cannot designate what is meant by the word easy, 
without further explanation what amount of care and atten- 
tion has been bestowed upon chickens. Nothing can be 
achieved in this world without some trouble. Chickens can 
be raised easy enough, that is true, and quails can be raised 
easier than chickens, that is true also. The quail can live 
on a little grain and water, as far as that is concerned, but 
this is bad practice, productive only of poor results. Give 
it liberal treatment, make its life comfortable, satisfy all its 
wants as near as possible, and you will have a fine healthy 
bird, full of life, vigorous and prolific; a bird that will not 
only delight yourself, but will delight everybody else. The 
culture of the quail is, in our opinion, connected with much 
less trouble than in the rearing of chickens, if tiny arc prop- 
erly attended to. It is not hard work, it calls for no 
muscular strength, it is only steady work, especially if 
transacted on a large scale. Any diligent person, endowed 
with a moderate degree of patience, though the body be 
frail, can perform all the work that is required. The main 
trouble arises when eggs are hatched with unnatural 
mothers, but this can readily be overcome with patience. It 
takes patience to feed the little birds when they are in the 



2 9 

nest, and it takes patience to remove the hen from the nest 
during hot hours and replace her again when it gets cooler. 
Patience and regularity are the main requisites of the 
business. 

We think the quail is worthy of the very best attention 
which can be bestowed upon it, even though it should 
make some trouble, for there is no other branch of the 
poultry business which pays as well as quail culture. 
There is splendid money to be made at it whether you 
raise them as common poultry for the market, for breeding 
purpose, or for pets. You will find buyers everywhere, 
more buyers than you can furnish stock. Some will buy 
them for their beauty; some for their flesh; and some for 
both combined. 

The flesh of the quail is the most palatable and savory 
meat there is. It is a perfect delicacy. But aside from its 
delicious flavor, it is also of the easiest digestion, and on 
this account is invaluable for invalids and those suffering 
from a weak stomach. 

And in connection with light work and profitableness, 
quail culture can also be pronounced, at the same time, a 
pleasant business. In fact we know of no other industry 
combining so many pleasant sides with less unpleasant ones. 

The law does not interfere with the selling of domestic 
quails at any time of the year, no more than with domestic 
turkeys. It only forbids the killing of wild stock at certain 
seasons, for the purpose of preventing these birds from 
being exterminated. The domestic quail is readily distin- 
guished from the wild one, hence there is no danger of 
mistaking the one for the other. 

IN CONCLUSION 

we will say that we are at all times ready to give any 
further desired information not found in these pages. 



3o 

DEATH TO LICE. 



IF 

you set hens without dusting them once or twice with Lambert's, the chances are they 
will not set as well. Eggs will not hatch as well. Chicks will not grow as well. And more 

IF 

young chicks get head lice, some will die before you know it, others may pull through 
yet will never make as fine birds as those kept clean and comfortable. 

IF 

you will use " Death to Lice " freely yon cannot injure the hen or eggs. It's a stunner 
for lice only. Fred Crosby, Seaton, 111., writes: "I have been trying others but will 
have to go back to the old reliable." W. E. Keller, Indianapolis, Ind., writes: " I have 
used your "Death to Lice" Powder and find it superior to any other article I ever used. 
It succeeds where the Liquid Lice Killers have utterly failed after a fair trial. For setting 
hens it has no equal." 



you care to read more, we have them. If you want to sample these goods, we mail a 
trial 5 oz. size for 10c in stamps. If your dealer has it get a 15 oz. box for lj.">c. If your 
flock is large and very lousy, send us 50c for a 4H oz. package or $1 for a 100 oz. bag, and 
same will be sent you from nearest agency by express 

IF 

you never saw my Pocket Book Pointers, your name on a postal will secure one. It 
your name is on my books you will receive a copy in due time ; 50,000 copies this year. 

D. J. LAMBERT, Box 308, Apponaug, R. I. 

pjp^For head lice use Death to Lice Ointment; 10c by mail. 

AC rnnn f ..I ni "Pioneer Clover Meal contains more 

OtUUpilll UI than 20 times as much lime (for the 

# shells) as corn, contains more protein 

Pioneer Clover Meal than an >' kind of Krain Hence 

r iuuwi viuYvi JMcai it is a concentrated (ood and verv noiir . 

MakAC HpnC 1 flu ishing. "-January Poultry Keeper. 

iTlalVCo HCIlO L<Clj It is the greatest of all egg making 

_ _, foods, clover hay ground to a fine meal, 

l-"Pf , 'f||p k'O'nfC the only safe, economical and convenient 

1 VI 111V. ^&&° form for fowls, because it contains every 

k J. 1 1 t 1 n D L.^1 P art °f tne e SS» shell, white and volk, 

At 66 i = OC rCr DUStiel in the best possible form for perfect 

assimilation. 
Fertile eggs are a necessity. Now is the time to feed Clover Meal for better hatches, 
better chicks and fewer dead in shell, as it contains all the elements necessary for the 
vigorous growth and development of embryo chick. A 50-pound bag contains three 
bushels. Thus you can get the best poultry food on earth for 33" , cents per bushel. 

FREIGHT RATES ARE VERY LOW. ^ t,-" *%&?! 

St. Louis 31c. Send for free sample DDirpc 3° pounds $1.00. 100 pounds $2 00. 
and book of editorial endorsement. ■ KJ^Eo 5 pounds 25c. In sacks. Sold by dealers. 

The Bennett & Millet Co. 

GOUVERNEUR, N. Y. 



CARBOLINEUM AVENARIUS 

(REGISTERED.) 

The Only Practical Wood Preserver, tested by 
25 Years Experience. 

All kinds of woodwork will rot sooner or later, and it is evident, that great advan- 
tages as well as saving in material and labor must be derived from a process which will 
effectually prevent rot or decay of wood, above or below ground or water. 

Carbolineum Avenarius offered herewith, has proven itself to be the only efficient 
and practical preparation for this purpose. 

It is an antiseptic oil-Stain , which will deeply penetrate wood when simply applied 
with a brush. 

It drives all moisture out of wood and makes the same impervious to all outside 
dampness 

Without injuring the wood fibres, it destroys all albuminous matter contained in 
wood and causing to some extent its decay. 

In this manner woodwork coated with Carbolineum Avenarius is completely 
protected from rot and decay at a trifling cost. 

Furthermore, Carbolineum Avenarius does not close up the pores in wood, like 
tar, lead paints and all linseed oil preparations, and thus also prevents all dry-rot. 

Carbolinem Avenarius has an attractive, durable, nut brown color, and its large 
covering capacity and its cheapness makes it the best paint for all farm buildings such 

as barns, granaries, silos, etc., etc. 

Fence posts, vineyard posts, floors, sidewalks, sleepers, etc., will never rot 

nor break down if coated with this preparation. 

Shingle roofs will never leak and the shingles will not rot nor warp. Troughs, 
tanks, Cisterns, cellars, will always be clean and sweet if coated with Carbolineum 
Avenarius. 

In cases of disease of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, etc., it will prevent contagion, 
being antiseptic. 

In chicken coops Carbolineum Avenarius will exterminate permanently all 
vermin, such as chicken lice, etc. 

It will also keep away flies, gnats, etc., and mice and rats will not damage wood 
painted with it. 

Carbolineum Avenarius remains for years liquid and ready for use, it does not 

evaporate nor become dry, like all other paints. 

Carbolineum Avenarius has proven its merits and established its reputation, both 
as a wood preserver and as a sure destroyer of vermin, by twenty-five years con- 
tinuous use. ^ 

Carbolineum remains liquid for years, it does not dry 
up like linseed oil paint and it is always ready for imme- 
diate use. 

COVERING CAPACITY. 

1 Gall, will cover 300 square feet on Dressed Lumber This is 

1 " " 250 " Rough Lumber. for one 

1 " " 100 " Shingle Roof. coat 

For second coat, if such be necessary, only % the quantity is required of what the 

first coat takes. 

BEWARE OF F RAUDULENT IMITATIONS. 

CARBOLINEUI1 WOOD PRESERVING CO., 
128 Reed Street, MILWAUKEE, WIS. 

POULTRY SUPPLIES 

of every description — Incubators, Bone Cutters, Oyster Shells, Grit, Bone and Meat 
Meals, Drinking Fountains, Lice Killers, Condition Powders and Medicines. Illustrated 
catalogue free. 

A. A. ST. GERMAIN, 22, 24 and 26 Merchant St., Kankakee, 111. 



3a 

Are H?ou Soing to JBuilo? 

USE "NEPONSET" PAPERS. 

H4NU r« TURE o ^ p w B|RD & SQN 

EAST WALPOLE, MASS. 

44 Neponset " Red Rope Roofing Fabric. 

Absolutely "Water and Air Tight. 

This makes a Handsome and Permanent Covering for Roofs and Side-, of Storehouses, 
Factories, Poultry Houses. Farm and other Outbuildings. It is very much cheaper than 
any tar and felt or composite roof, and is a great deal less in cost than shingles. 

In Rolls 30 Inches Wide, Containing 500 Square Feel :m<i 250 Square 

Feet. 

" Neponset " Black Building Paper. 

Water, Air and Vermin Proof. 

Clean to Handle No Waste. Cheaper and Better than common Tarred Paper. Excel- 
lent under Tin, Iron or Slate. For economy and Durability is unequalled 

" Neponset" Papers are not coated, but are waterproof all through. N 
this Paper. 

SEE THAT TRADE MARK IS ON EACH ROLL. 

POULTRY SUPPLIES. 

ALL KINDS. PRICES RIGHT. PROMPT SHIPMENT. 

Western Sales Agent for Qvamead, H.-O. Poultry Food, 
Pioneer Clover Meal. 

H. A. POWELL, - - Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 



FOR POULTRY 



Per 100 lb 


Bags, SS.50 


•• 100 


i.O't 


" 100 


•2..-.U 


" 20U 


1/T.O 


•• 200 


i..-»o 


" 200 


l.-.o 


freight on 


receipt of price. 



Bone Meal - 

Granulated Bone - 

Ground Beef Scraps - 

Calcite ------ 

Crushed Flint - 

Crushed Oyster Shells ... 

Price- List and Samples free. Orders shipped promptly by freight 
Liberal discounts on large quantities to Dealers. 

YORK CHEniCAL WORKS, York, Pa. 

POULTRY SUPPLIES. 

Bone Meal, Granulated Bone, Crushed and Granulated Oyster 

Shells and Charcoal, Limestone Grit, Bone Mills, and Lvervi KING 
for the POULTRY Yard for sale at reasonable prices. For samples 
and price-list, address 

JOHN H. SLACK, Bloomsburv, N. J. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



002 856 461 2 



Gbfg JSooft was iprtnteft 
bg tbe g g g g = g == 



«c£ <^5 



©'Connor {printing Qompan? 

93 itbertg Street Iftew 3£ork 

VW"HO execute printing of every description 

4# and make a specialty of Out-of-Town 

orders which they constantly receive from 

all parts of the United States J* J* J* 

SEND FOR PRICE-LIST 



